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Description
The peanut belongs to family bean, to the sort Arachis L. This sort unites 9 types which are mainly perennials.
The homeland of a peanut is South America where it was cultivated for a long time by the native population of Brazil and Peru. From South America the peanut got into Japan, China, Indochina, India and other countries
Southeast Asia. In Africa and North America the peanut began to be cultivated since the beginning of the 16th century, and to Europe was for the first time delivered by Portuguese in the 16th century.
The peanut represents an annual, grassy plant. It is hygrophilous and thermophilic culture which fruits grow ripe underground why the peanut is called still a peanut. In culture the peanut has two forms: bush and creeping. The peanut root rod, is strongly developed, with a large number of lateral branchings and gets into the earth on depth to 1,5 m. On roots there are klubenk which are formed as a result of activity of klubenkovy bacteria.
Peanut stalk branchy, up to 60 cm high. Leaves are difficult, consisting of two couples in parallel of the leaflets located to each other. Leaflets of various size and form, light green or dark green. Leaf scapes long, with big stipules. Leaves by means of a joint make the movements - falling for the night down and rising in the morning up.
Flowers of a peanut of papilionaceous type, sit on one or on 2-3 in bosoms of leaves. Coloring of a nimbus yellow or orange. Stamens ten, from them nine accrete. The column is long, thin, with the rylets acting over stamens. The ovary is top, odnognyozdny, with 2-3 semyapochka. At elevated flowers cross-pollination is possible. The underground flowers which are self-pollinated are formed on underground parts of a stalk. They are small, colourless and do not reveal.
After fertilization the lower part of an ovary of elevated flowers of a peanut is extended, forming ginofor in the form of small tubules which grow 5 - 6 days, and then are bent and take root into the soil on depth of 8 - 10 cm. After that from an ovary the fruit - a bean of a peanut which has the kokonoobrazny form with a thick setchatny peel begins to develop. The quantity of seeds in beans fluctuates from one to six, most often two. Beans of a peanut of elongated and oval or rounded shape. Coloring of seeds dark red or light pink. The weight of 1000 pieces of seeds makes 300 - 500 grams and more.
Kernels of a peanut are divided into various fractions, depending on quantity of kernels in one ounce (28,3 g). Than less kernels in one ounce, the size of a peanut is larger than subjects. Peanut kernels in a peel are divided into fractions 7/9, 9/11, 11/13,13/15. The peanut with a long form of a kernel is subdivided into fractions 24/28, 28/32, 34/38, 38/42, 45/55, and the peanut with round kernels is delivered by fractions 25/35, 35/40, 40/50, 50/60, 60/70, 70/80, 80/100. The blanched peanut of a long form is divided into fractions 25/29, 29/33, 35/39, and a round form - into fractions 36/41 and 41/51.
The homeland of a peanut is South America where it was cultivated for a long time by the native population of Brazil and Peru. From South America the peanut got into Japan, China, Indochina, India and other countries
Southeast Asia. In Africa and North America the peanut began to be cultivated since the beginning of the 16th century, and to Europe was for the first time delivered by Portuguese in the 16th century.
The peanut represents an annual, grassy plant. It is hygrophilous and thermophilic culture which fruits grow ripe underground why the peanut is called still a peanut. In culture the peanut has two forms: bush and creeping. The peanut root rod, is strongly developed, with a large number of lateral branchings and gets into the earth on depth to 1,5 m. On roots there are klubenk which are formed as a result of activity of klubenkovy bacteria.
Peanut stalk branchy, up to 60 cm high. Leaves are difficult, consisting of two couples in parallel of the leaflets located to each other. Leaflets of various size and form, light green or dark green. Leaf scapes long, with big stipules. Leaves by means of a joint make the movements - falling for the night down and rising in the morning up.
Flowers of a peanut of papilionaceous type, sit on one or on 2-3 in bosoms of leaves. Coloring of a nimbus yellow or orange. Stamens ten, from them nine accrete. The column is long, thin, with the rylets acting over stamens. The ovary is top, odnognyozdny, with 2-3 semyapochka. At elevated flowers cross-pollination is possible. The underground flowers which are self-pollinated are formed on underground parts of a stalk. They are small, colourless and do not reveal.
After fertilization the lower part of an ovary of elevated flowers of a peanut is extended, forming ginofor in the form of small tubules which grow 5 - 6 days, and then are bent and take root into the soil on depth of 8 - 10 cm. After that from an ovary the fruit - a bean of a peanut which has the kokonoobrazny form with a thick setchatny peel begins to develop. The quantity of seeds in beans fluctuates from one to six, most often two. Beans of a peanut of elongated and oval or rounded shape. Coloring of seeds dark red or light pink. The weight of 1000 pieces of seeds makes 300 - 500 grams and more.
Kernels of a peanut are divided into various fractions, depending on quantity of kernels in one ounce (28,3 g). Than less kernels in one ounce, the size of a peanut is larger than subjects. Peanut kernels in a peel are divided into fractions 7/9, 9/11, 11/13,13/15. The peanut with a long form of a kernel is subdivided into fractions 24/28, 28/32, 34/38, 38/42, 45/55, and the peanut with round kernels is delivered by fractions 25/35, 35/40, 40/50, 50/60, 60/70, 70/80, 80/100. The blanched peanut of a long form is divided into fractions 25/29, 29/33, 35/39, and a round form - into fractions 36/41 and 41/51.
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